This tutorial covers some of the short cases that are likely to be seen in the PACES examination.

It gives a step by step clinical examination and diagnostic evaluation of a patient with a cardiac problem.

We offer suggestions about how to respond to an examiner’s request "examine this patient’s cardiovascular system", and break this procedure down in five sequential steps for diagnostic evaluation. 

Dr M Afzal Mir, Senior Lecturer and Consultant Physician, UHW, Cardiff.